Glint History Today 11 Day Of October

Here are some events that took place on October 11 :

1968: Apollo 7 launched, first manned Apollo mission. NB

1984: Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut Kathryn Sullivan becomes first American woman to walk in space.

1962: Uganda's first parliamentary elections were held.

1899: The Second Boer War began, with the Boer forces attacking the British-held city of Ladysmith in South Africa, but also involving Asian troops.

_Birthdays_

1885: Franklin L. D'Olier, American lawyer and soldier.

1910: Cahit Zarifoğlu, Turkish poet and writer.

1937: Bobby Charlton, English footballer and manager.

_Deaths_

1188: Robert I, Count of Dreux.

1347: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

FOCUS

The Second Boer War

On this day 1899 THE SECOND BOER WAR Started , this is a Conflict that shaped the history of South

Africa

CAUSES OF THE WAR

The Second Boer War was sparked by British expansionism and the desire for control over South African resources, particularly gold. The discovery of gold in Transvaal in 1886 led to an influx of British prospectors, which threatened Boer dominance.

KEY EVENTS

- October 11, 1899: Boer forces attack Ladysmith, beginning the war.

- 1899-1900: British forces suffer series of defeats (Magersfontein, Colenso, Spion Kop).

- 1900: British relieving forces break through Boer siege of Ladysmith.

- 1900-1902: British implement scorched earth policy, internment camps.

- May 31, 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging ends war.

KEY FIGURES

- Paul Kruger: Boer leader and President of the South African Republic.

- Louis Botha: Boer commander and later Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa.

- Winston Churchill: British correspondent and later Prime Minister.

- Lord Kitchener: British commander.

- Cecil Rhodes: British businessman and politician.

CONSEQUENCES

- Estimated 22,000-28,000 Boer deaths.

- 14,000-20,000 British deaths.

- Destruction of Boer farms, livestock.

- Establishment of British-controlled Union of South Africa (1910).

- Rise of Afrikaner nationalism.

TACTICS AND INNOVATIONS

- Guerrilla warfare (Boer commandos).

- Concentration camps (British).

- Siege warfare (Ladysmith, Mafeking).

- Use of barbed wire, trenches.

INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS

- International condemnation of British tactics.

- Support for Boers from European nations (Germany, France).

- American neutrality.

LEGACY

The Second Boer War marked a turning point in South African history, shaping the country's future and influencing its complex relationships with Britain and the international community.

Stay tuned for more details on this stories in days to come as we capture all on #Glint Special

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